Zero‐waste emission design of sustainable and programmable actuators

Abstract

A sustainable zero-waste emission methodology is developed to prepare soft actuators using carbon nano-powders and biodegradable polymers. The entire synthetic process achieves zero-waste emission due to the water solubility and recyclability of matrixes. The geometries of composite film could be designed and modulated for programmable motions and specific applications, including walkers, smart switches, robotic arms, flexible excavators, and hand-shaped actuators.