Fabrication and characterization of a multifunctional alginate–gelatin–fibrinogen hydrogel for potential muscle tissue reconfiguration <i>in vitro</i>

Abstract

enzymatic and/or ionic methods resulted in flexible tunability of the modulus and porosity of the material. Experimental findings using C2C12 myoblast cells grown on the alginate-gelatin-fibrinogen hydrogel surface demonstrate that this biomaterial facilitates 3D bioprinting of anatomically complex muscle tissue constructs and biohybrid robotic systems. Overall, this study provides a novel strategy for the application in muscle tissue construction, repair, and bio-robotics through designing alginate-gelatin-fibrinogen composite hydrogels.