Smart Farming Using Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and Robotics: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

There is an urgent need to stabilise the field of agriculture in order to feed a rising global population and alleviate a declining economy. Indulging the smart technologies of scientific advancements into agriculture is a wise approach to remedy this situation. Various studies have proven that smart technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics can be applied to almost all the steps of agriculture, from seed or crop selection to marketing, farm management and monitoring, yield prediction, pest and weed control, harvesting, and storing, and can increase the efficiency of almost all of these processes. These technological advancements have led to a period of revolution in agriculture and currently have been paid more attention. Even though efficiency could be increased with the involvement of such smart technologies in advanced farming, there are various problems in implementing and commercializing them. Therefore, this review is an attempt to summarize the various applications of AI, IoT, and robotics in various phases of agriculture, the challenges in implementing and incorporating the technologies, and recommendations for the future.