Towards technological adaptation of advanced farming through AI, IoT, and Robotics: A Comprehensive overview

Abstract

The population explosion of the 21st century has adversely affected the natural resources with restricted availability of cultivable land, increased average temperatures due to global warming, and carbon footprint resulting in a drastic increase in floods as well as droughts thus making food security significant anxiety for most countries. The traditional methods were no longer sufficient which paved the way for technological ascents such as a substantial rise in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), as well as Robotics that provides high productivity, functional efficiency, flexibility, cost-effectiveness in the domain of agriculture. AI, IoT, and Robotics-based devices and methods have produced new paradigms and opportunities in agriculture. AI's existing approaches are soil management, crop diseases identification, weed identification, and management in collaboration with IoT devices. IoT has utilized automatic agricultural operations and real-time monitoring with few personnel employed in real-time. The major existing applications of agricultural robotics are for the function of soil preparation, planting, monitoring, harvesting, and storage. In this paper, researchers have explored a comprehensive overview of recent implementation, scopes, opportunities, challenges, limitations, and future research instructions of AI, IoT, and Robotics based methodology in the agriculture sector.