Multi Robot Object Tracking and Self Localization Using Visual Percept Relations

摘要

In this paper we present a novel approach to estimating the position of objects tracked by a team of mobile robots and to use these objects for a better self localization. Modeling of moving objects is commonly done in a robo-centric coordinate frame because this information is sufficient for most low level robot control and it is independent of the quality of the current robot localization. For multiple robots to cooperate and share information, though, they need to agree on a global, allocentric frame of reference. When transforming the egocentric object model into a global one, it inherits the localization error of the robot in addition to the error associated with the egocentric model. We propose using the relation of objects detected in camera images to other objects in the same camera image as a basis for estimating the position of the object in a global coordinate system. The spatial relation of objects with respect to stationary objects (e.g., landmarks) offers several advantages: a) Errors in feature detection are correlated and not assumed independent. Furthermore, the error of relative positions of objects within a single camera frame is comparably small, b) The information is independent of robot localization and odometry. c) As a consequence of the above, it provides a highly efficient method for communicating information about a tracked object and communication can be asynchronous, d) As the modeled object is independent from robo-centric coordinates, its position can be used for self localization of the observing robot. We present experimental evidence that shows how two robots are able to infer the position of an object within a global frame of reference, even though they are not localized themselves and then use this object information for self- localization