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Vijay Natraj is a leading figure in atmospheric remote sensing, whose work centers on the critical challenge of disentangling aerosol and gas signals in satellite and lidar measurements. His research focuses on advancing retrieval algorithms for greenhouse gases and aerosols, particularly in complex urban environments. A key contribution is the development of GFIT3, a full-physics retrieval algorithm designed to accurately measure greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane even in the presence of heavy aerosol loading—a persistent source of uncertainty in urban atmospheric monitoring. Natraj also pioneered a spectral sorting technique that uses hyperspectral oxygen measurements to infer aerosol vertical profiles within the boundary layer, a breakthrough for understanding pollution transport and air quality. His work on evaluating UV aerosol retrievals from ozone lidars further demonstrates his commitment to refining measurement techniques. With over 45 citations for his foundational 2018 study on aerosol vertical profiling, his research has significant impact, providing the methodological tools necessary for more accurate climate and air quality assessments from space and ground-based platforms.