Marcos Cruz

Papers

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About

Marcos Cruz is a pioneering researcher at the intersection of architecture, biotechnology, and digital fabrication. His work centers on developing novel, large-scale biomanufacturing techniques for the built environment, with a particular focus on robotic extrusion of algae-laden hydrogels and automated earth construction. Cruz’s major contribution lies in scaling up bioprinting from the lab to architectural applications, demonstrating how living microalgae can be immobilized within custom-printed hydrogels to create functional, large-scale building components. His most cited work, "Robotic Extrusion of Algae‐Laden Hydrogels for Large‐Scale Applications" (2019, 75 citations), established a foundational methodology for fabricating fibrous panels—such as a 1000 × 500 mm panel—using alginate-based hydrogels with varying water percentages, enabling structural and bioremediative potential. More recently, his 2025 research on automated earth-construction explores soil bioremediation through engineered earth structures, balancing cell viability with structural integrity for temporary landscapes. Cruz’s interdisciplinary approach bridges material science, robotics, and environmental design, positioning him as a leading figure in sustainable, bio-integrated architecture.