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Daitian Tang is pioneering the frontier of autonomous nanorobotics for precision cancer therapy, with a focus on engineering biocompatible, biohybrid systems that operate at the subcellular level. Their key research areas span nanorobotic manipulation, targeted drug delivery, and immunomodulatory microrobots. Tang’s most significant contribution is the development of the first autonomous metal-organic framework nanorobots capable of active mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy (95 citations), solving the long-standing challenge of achieving controlled intracellular propulsion to access subcellular organelles. This work opens a new therapeutic avenue for selectively targeting mitochondria with curative efficacy. Further advancing the field, Tang introduced enzyme-powered bacterial outer membrane vesicle nanorobots (43 citations), addressing the biocompatibility and functional limitations of inorganic nanorobots by leveraging natural biological materials. Their magnetically powered immunogenic macrophage microrobots (32 citations) represent another breakthrough, demonstrating how living immune cells can be engineered into multimodal therapeutic platforms that evade immune elimination while delivering targeted, combination cancer therapy. Collectively, Tang’s work is redefining the possibilities for nanorobotic medicine, moving from proof-of-concept to biologically integrated systems with real translational potential.