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A. N. Parmar is a leading figure in high-energy astrophysics, whose work has been instrumental in shaping the next generation of space-based X-ray observatories. Their primary research focus is the design and scientific potential of the X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy mission (XEUS), a concept developed under the European Space Agency (ESA) to probe the distant, hot universe. Parmar’s major contributions lie in defining the mission architecture and instrument requirements needed to achieve sensitivity comparable to the James Webb Space Telescope and ALMA, enabling the study of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters and supermassive black holes. Their most-cited papers, including “XEUS mission and instruments” (2002, 5 citations) and “XEUS: approaches to mission design” (2003, 4 citations), have laid the groundwork for this ambitious project. Although the citation counts for these early works are modest, they represent foundational blueprints that have influenced subsequent X-ray astronomy missions. Parmar’s efforts have been crucial in advancing our understanding of how the hot universe evolves, marking them as a key architect in the quest to explore the cosmos in X-ray light.