Nanorobotics for Advancing Biomedicine: Progresses in Materials, Design, Fabrication, Opportunities and Applications

Abstract

Nanorobotics is the field of inventing machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometer (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m). Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization of these machines has led to numerous applications including precision medicine. These devices find a wide spectrum of applications ranging from environmental remediation to health care. The materials used, the fabrication methods and their widespread adoption will influence the futuristic application of nanorobotics. The novel materials and fabrication techniques used to create nanorobots have been discussed in this review. In this research area, we have described the dependable fabrication methods that are applied. Significant emphasis is devoted to nanorobot design, going beyond materials and construction. Mechanical structure modeling, bionics, and bio-syncretic design modeling are all influences on this design. As such, we now understand many approaches to the design and construction of nanorobots as well as the fundamentals of how they work. It also discusses the structural characteristics and working principles of the aforementioned nanorobots. Furthermore, we investigated into several biomedical applications for nanorobots.