Smart Agribot: an IoT-Based Precision Farming Robot with AI-Driven Irrigation and Seed Sowing

Abstract

Agriculture plays a critical role in global food security, but traditional farming methods face numerous challenges. Amid rising labor costs, water scarcity, and inefficiencies in traditional farming methods, the current article introduces a Smart Agribot, an IoT-based precision farming robot powered by renewable energy and artificial intelligence. The Agribot integrates sensors, machine learning models, and automated systems to optimize agricultural tasks such as irrigation, seed sowing, and field monitoring. Key features of the Agribot include optimal watering schedules, which leverage soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and weather forecast data to ensure precise irrigation using decision tree and random forest algorithms. Equipped with a soil moisture sensor, DHT sensor, and sonar sensor, the robot navigates autonomously, avoids obstacles, and adapts to the environmental conditions. Further, powered by a solar panel and controlled by an Arduino Uno, the Agribot utilizes a submersible pump for efficient irrigation, and a Bluetooth module for remote operation. This sustainable and cost-effective solution not only reduces human labor; it also enhances productivity, offering a transformative approach to precision agriculture.