Electroactive Composite Biofilms Integrating Kombucha, Chlorella and Synthetic Proteinoid Proto–Brains

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we present electroactive biofilms made from a combination of Kombucha zoogleal mats andthermal proteinoids. These biofilms have potential applications in unconventional computing and roboticskin. Proteinoids are synthesised by thermally polymerizing amino acids, resulting in the formation ofsynthetic protocells that display electrical signalling similar to neurons. By incorporating proteinoids intoKombucha zoogleal cellulose mats, hydrogel biofilms can be created that have the ability to efficiently transfercharges, perform sensory transduction, and undergo processing. We conducted a study on the memfractanceand memristance behaviours of composite biofilms, showcasing their capacity to carry out unconventionalcomputing operations. The porous nanostructure and electroactivity of the biofilm create a biocompatibleinterface that can be used to record and stimulate neuronal networks. In addition to in vitro neuronal interfaces, these soft electroactive biofilms show potential as components for bioinspired robotics, smart wearables,unconventional computing devices, and adaptive biorobotic systems. Kombucha-proteinoids composite filmsare a highly customizable material that can be synthesised to suit specific needs. These films belong toa unique category of “living” materials, as they have the ability to support cellular systems and improvebioelectronic functionality. This makes them an exciting prospect in various applications. Ongoing effortsare currently being directed towards enhancing the compositional tuning of conductivity, signal processing,and integration within hybrid bioelectronic circuits.