Fabrication of hydroxyapatite blended cyclic type polylactic acid and poly (ε‐caprolactone) tissue engineering scaffold

Abstract

Abstract The ultimate goal of tissue engineering serves to repair, restore damaged tissue or organ due to accident or disease. In this research, we are aimed at investigating the feasibility of processing cyclic type polylactic acid ( PDLLA )/poly(ε‐caprolactone) ( PCL )/hydroxyapatite ( HA ) biomaterial into tissue engineering scaffold ( TES ) with variable mechanical properties, well interconnected pore architecture, and controlled hydrophilicity. For this, an in‐house built bone scaffold 3D printing ( BS 3P) system was applied to two biomaterials, namely PDLLA ‐ PCL and HA ‐ PCL . These two biomaterials were produced by optimizing the robotic control system. Morphological investigation by scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) revealed both TES formed by new materials able to show honeycomb‐like architectures, excellent fusion at the filament junctions, high uniformity, complete interconnectivity, and controlled channel characteristics of the TES . Compression tests align with the typical behavior of a porous material undergoing deformation. In vitro cell culture study and confocal laser microscopy ( CLM ) showed enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix ( ECM ) formation. The results demonstrated the eligibility of the BS 3P system to produce TES , and the suitability of the new biomaterial scaffolds in enhancing cell biocompatibility.