4D Printing of Smart Magnetic-Based Robotic Materials

Abstract

The chapter introduces the concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing and its role in the field of robotics. Also, various smart materials suitable for 4D printing have been introduced. The chapter apart from discussing the various material aspects also draws comparisons with corresponding 3D printed materials. The electromagnetic smart robotic materials suitable for 4D printing are categorized in this chapter, from the material point of view, into magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), magnetic-based shape memory polymers (MSMPs), and magnetic-based hydrogels (EMHs). Relevant and recent research studies in this direction have been discussed in this chapter.