Design of LQR and PID controllers for the self balancing unicycle robot

Abstract

This paper focus on the dynamic modeling and the LQR and PID controllers for the self balancing unicycle robot. The mechanism of the unicycle robot is designed. The pitching and rolling balance could be achieved by the driving of the motor on the wheel and the balance weight on the body of robot. The dynamic equations of the robot are presented based on the Routh equation. On this basis, the LQR and PID controllers of the unicycle robot are proposed. The experimentations of balance control are showed through the Simulink toolbox of Matlab. The simulation results show that the robot could achieve self balancing after a short period of time by the designed controllers. According to comparing the results, the errors of PID controller are relatively smaller than LQR. The response speed of LQR controller is faster than PID. At last a kind of LQR&PID controller is proposed. This controller has the advantages of both LQR and PID controllers.