Emerging roles of hydrogels, organogels, and their hybrids in soft bioelectronics and bioplatforms

Abstract

Soft polymer gels, such as hydrogels and organogels, offer tunable mechanical and functional properties, combining softness, deformability, and biocompatibility for bio-integrated applications. Hydrogels, with tissue-like elasticity, are ideal for biomedical uses, while organogels provide superior thermal and environmental stability for soft robotics. Emerging hybrid systems, including organogel–hydrogel composites and organohydrogels, synergize aqueous and organic phases, expanding the potential of gel-based materials for next-generation biomedical and bio-interfacing technologies.