An eco-friendly ultra-high performance ionic artificial muscle based on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and carboxylated bacterial cellulose

Abstract

]). The developed electro-chemo-mechanical CBC-IL-PAMPS actuator is a promising candidate for human friendly electronics such as artificial muscles, wearable devices, biomedical devices, and biomimetic robots due to its high actuation performance, low operating voltage, and fast response as well as durable operation.