Automated driving and autonomous functions on road vehicles

摘要

<p>In recent years, road vehicle automation has become an important and popular topic for researchand development in both academic and industrial spheres. New developments receivedextensive coverage in the popular press, and it may be said that the topic has captured thepublic imagination. Indeed, the topic has generated interest across a wide range of academic,industry and governmental communities, well beyond vehicle engineering; these include computerscience, transportation, urban planning, legal, social science and psychology. While thisfollows a similar surge of interest – and subsequent hiatus – of Automated Highway Systemsin the 1990’s, the current level of interest is substantially greater, and current expectationsare high. It is common to frame the new technologies under the banner of “self-driving cars”– robotic systems potentially taking over the entire role of the human driver, a capability thatdoes not fully exist at present. However, this single vision leads one to ignore the existingrange of automated systems that are both feasible and useful. Recent developments are underpinnedby substantial and long-term trends in “computerisation” of the automobile, withdevelopments in sensors, actuators and control technologies to spur the new developments inboth industry and academia. In this paper we review the evolution of the intelligent vehicleand the supporting technologies with a focus on the progress and key challenges for vehiclesystem dynamics. A number of relevant themes around driving automation are explored inthis article, with special focus on those most relevant to the underlying vehicle system dynamics.One conclusion is that increased precision is needed in sensing and controlling vehiclemotions, a trend that can mimic that of the aerospace industry, and similarly benefit fromincreased use of redundant by-wire actuators.</p>