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Peter Cherepanov is a leading structural biologist and virologist whose work has fundamentally advanced our understanding of retroviral integration and host-pathogen interactions. His research focuses on the molecular mechanisms of HIV replication, particularly the structure and function of integrase and the pre-integration complex. Cherepanov’s landmark contributions include solving the crystal structure of the HIV-1 integrase bound to its DNA substrate, a breakthrough that illuminated how the virus inserts its genome into host DNA. This work has been cited thousands of times and directly informed the development of integrase strand transfer inhibitors, a cornerstone of modern antiretroviral therapy. Beyond HIV, his laboratory has made critical contributions to the structural biology of other pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery during the COVID-19 pandemic. His high-impact studies, published in journals such as *Nature* and *Science*, have earned him an h-index exceeding 60 and widespread recognition, including the EMBO Gold Medal. Cherepanov’s research continues to shape drug design and our understanding of viral pathogenesis.