Sara Parmigiani

Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University

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About

Sara Parmigiani is a leading researcher in the field of noninvasive brain stimulation, with a primary focus on developing open-source tools to enhance the precision and accessibility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Her major contribution is the creation of **NaviNIBS**, a comprehensive, open-source software toolbox for neuronavigated noninvasive brain stimulation. This work addresses critical limitations of commercial systems, which often lack the flexibility and extensibility needed for advanced research applications. By providing a freely available, customizable platform for image-guided positioning, Parmigiani’s software empowers laboratories worldwide to conduct more accurate and reproducible TMS studies, democratizing access to high-precision neuromodulation. Her work has already garnered citations in the field, reflecting its immediate utility and impact. Parmigiani’s dedication to open science and methodological rigor positions her as a key figure in the ongoing effort to standardize and improve noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, making her a valuable resource for students and researchers seeking to advance their own work in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.