Fuel and Biofuels

Abstract

Due to the increasing attention in sustainable development, biofuel has achieved great momentum since few decades ago. Biofuels refer to any renewable and biological energy-enriched material that can be used as fuel, including biodiesel, green diesel, biogas, bioethanol and bio-oil. There are various biomass conversion methods to produce biofuel, however, they are not as mature as the conventional fossil fuel processing technologies, especially the advanced biofuel technologies. Advanced biofuel technologies mainly focus on the conversion of second- and third-generation biomass (i.e., algal biomass and lignocellulose materials) that does not create conflict with food interest. Nevertheless, there are technical barriers that restrict the commercialization potential of advanced biofuel. Hence, in this chapter, few strategies have been emphasized to promote the commercialization of biofuel in the next industrial age, Industry 5.0, that focus the process and quality improvement through the collaboration between human and robots will lead to the advancement in biofuel industrial sector at unprecedented rates. In addition, extremophilic engineering also plays an important role in commercializing the biofuel in Industry 5.0.