Evolution of techniques in robotic kidney transplantation with perspectives on future developments

Abstract

Robotic kidney transplantation (RKT) has brought the benefits of minimally invasive surgery to the field of renal transplantation. Techniques across the globe have varied and there is a need for standardization within evidence-based frameworks in order to justify its widespread utilization and ensure safe and effective innovation. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on techniques used in RKT between 2010 and 2020. Conference abstracts, published papers and the latest guidelines were reviewed in this rapidly progressing field. Promising results have been demonstrated so far with unique benefits identified for obese patients who would have otherwise been denied an open kidney transplant. Other developments have been found in gasless surgery, scarless surgery, RKT using grafts with multiple vessels and robotic dual kidney transplantation. In order to continue advancing innovation in kidney transplant surgery, further expansion of RKT is needed to deceased donor programs. Progression in the robotic technology itself will also improve technique, and as the financial costs of the technology decrease the use of RKT is set to grow.