Neurological Reorganization After Brain Injury: Stimulation by Robotic Therapy

Abstract

Research involving cortical reorganization has shown that the brain compensates for injury by reorganizing itself far more extensively than previously thought possible. These recent discoveries have used histopathology, microelectrode stimulation of cortical regions, elimination of afferent signals, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain neuroplasticity. Basic science discoveries have encouraged the development of new therapy methods for neurologically injured people. It was found that engaging neuroplastic mechanisms is facilitated by intense, focused physical therapy. To provide efficient use of therapist time during time-consuming task training sessions, several device-oriented approaches have been explored to facilitate improvement in movement capability among patients after stroke or other neurological injury. Several devices are described that encourage patients with neurological damage and challenge patients to improve their function by repetitively performing increasingly more difficult tasks. As histopathological staining and imaging methods improve and neuroplasticity mechanisms are better understood, new therapies will be developed. (The J Histotechnol 30:229, 2007)Submitted September 9, 2007; accepted with modifications October 8, 2007