Focus on 4D materials design and additive manufacturing

Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) printing involves the creation of materials that can change their shape, structure, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli. This incredible adaptability opens new possibilities in fields ranging from robotics to biomedical applications. This focus issue in Smart Materials and Structures is dedicated to the latest research in the dynamic field of 4D materials design and additive manufacturing. With a rapidly evolving landscape, we aimed to explore various exciting topics that are at the forefront of scientific advancements. This focus issue shed light on the current industrial applications of 4D printing. In fields such as medical, aerospace, automotive, defense, and mechanical engineering, 4D printing has already made significant strides. From customized implants and prosthetics in healthcare to adaptive structures and components in aerospace and automotive industries, the practical applications of 4D printing are diverse and impactful. This focus issue includes nine original research articles jointly made by involvement of more than 30 active academics in the field from diverse international centres and universities.