A Step Closer to Becoming Symbiotic with AI through EEG: A Review of Recent BCI Technology

Abstract

Our brain produces electrical signals when neurons communicate with each other. The process of extracting that information of rich electrical activity through noninvasive electrodes is called Electroencephalography (EEG). With the recent surge and advancement in machine learning technology and computational power, the information is further processed to extract patterns in order to derive knowledge. The synthesized knowledge can be used in any desired fashion, ranging from executing commands to analyzing patterns. In recent times, EEG has been a compelling candidate to directly interact with different interfaces just through our brain waves, without depending upon muscular movements and peripheral nerves. It also extends its applicability in various fields, such as psychology, robotics, and cybersecurity, and aiding in the treatment and rehabilitation of various neurological disorders. In this paper, we review what has been out by the end of the 2nd decade of the 21st century. It helps readers, novice to experts, understand two areas:(1) Latest developments in the brain-computer interface (BCI) field, and (2) Different devices and their properties used to execute those developments. The aim of this paper is to help promote advancement and further development in this area.