The Use of AI Chatbots for Autistic People: A Double-Edged Sword of Digital Support and Companionship

Abstract

There is a rise in AI ‘friends’ and chatbots that promise companionship. This commentary examines the complex benefits and dangers of such AI companions for autistic individuals. AI chatbots and social robots can offer low-pressure social interaction, consistent acceptance, and a respite from the double empathy problem that complicates autistic communication with non-autistic people. They may serve as accessible social partners and self-help tools, providing practice for conversations and relief from social anxiety in a controlled environment. Yet, alongside these promises are significant psychological, social, and ethical risks. Cases of AI companions amplifying social withdrawal, encouraging harmful behaviours, or triggering rejection sensitivity dysphoria illustrate how vulnerable users can be hurt in the absence of safeguards. The lack of accountability and regulation around AI companion apps raises further ethical concerns, from misinformation and biased advice to privacy and safety issues. This article integrates lived experiences and empirical literature on these issues and argues for a balanced approach. AI companions should neither be vilified nor uncritically embraced; instead, collaborative efforts are needed to ensure these tools support neurodivergent people without undermining their well-being.