Evaluation of Fe₃O₄/PAN Magnetic Nanofibrous Membrane for Heat Generation and Magnetic Actuation

Abstract

Nanofibers are being widely applied in biomedicine, especially in tissue engineering given their porosity. We developed magnetic nanofibrous membranes aiming to devise new applications that use their thermal properties and mobility for actively targeted hyperthermia and microrobots. We fabricated Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (iron oxide)/PAN (polyacrylonitrile) nanofibrous membranes and verified the properties of corresponding nanoparticles/fiber composites. Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> is a material with superparamagnetic properties under a critical size and can be controlled by a magnetic field and heated up by a high frequency alternating magnetic field. The Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /PAN nanofibers in this study were prepared at concentration of 20, 25, and 30 wt% by dispersing Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanoparticles of 20 nm in a PAN solution. At a nanoparticle concentration of 30wt%, the magnetic membrane generated heat up to 49.9°C in a magnetic field of 15.57kA/m and a driving frequency of 205.9 kHz during 600 s. In addition, we investigated the performance for steering and active locomotion (robotic control) of a magnetic nanofibrous membrane with 3 mm in diameter by using magnetic force control. The ranges (0.08~.014 mT/mm) of fiend gradient provided an average movement speed of 2.15 mm/s with accurate steering. The robotic control ability of the proposed magnetic nanofibrous membrane seems promising for increasing the diversity of biomedical applications for magnetic nanofibers as microrobot.