Multilegged Underwater Running With Articulated Legs

Abstract

Drawing inspiration from the locomotion modalities of animals, legged robots demonstrated the potential to traverse irregular and unstructured environments. Successful approaches exploited single-leg templates, like the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP), as a reference for the control of multilegged machines. Nevertheless, the anchoring between the low-order model and the actual multilegged structure is still an open challenge. This article proposes a novel strategy to derive actuation inputs for a multilegged robot by expressing the control requirements in terms of jump height and forward speed (derived from the limit cycle). We found that these requirements could be associated with a specific maximum force, successively split on an arbitrary number of legs and their relative actuation sets. The proposed approach has been validated in multibody simulation and real-world experiments by employing the underwater hexapod robot SILVER2. Results show that locomotion performances of the low-order model are reflected by the simulated and actual robot, showing that the articulated-USLIP (a-USLIP) model can faithfully explain the multilegged behavior under the imposed control inputs once hydrodynamic parameters have been tuned. More importantly, the proposed controller can be translated to the terrestrial case with minimal modifications and extended with additional layers to obtain more complex behaviors.