Defect Engineering in Lead Zirconate Titanate Ferroelectric Ceramic for Enhanced Electromechanical Transducer Efficiency

Abstract

Abstract Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)‐based piezoelectric ceramics are important functional materials for various electromechanical applications, including sensors, actuators, and transducers. High piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor are essential for the resonant piezoelectric application. However, since these properties are often inversely proportional, simultaneously high performances are hard to achieve, consequently, a wide range of applications are strongly restricted. In the present study, exceptionally well‐balanced performances are achieved in PZT‐based ceramics via innovative defect engineering, which involves multi‐scale coordination among defect dipole, domain‐wall density, and grain boundary. These materials are superior to many state‐of‐the‐art commercial counterparts, which can potentially satisfy high‐end requirements for advanced electromechanical applications, such as energy harvesting, structural health monitoring, robotic sensors, and actuator.