DIGITALIZATION, COMPETITIVENESS AND EMPLOYMENT. A SYSTEMIC VIEW THROUGH SYSTEM DYNAMICS

摘要

This paper aims to clarify the relations between new technologies (mainly robotics, AI, drones, 3D/4D printing, , IoT, and autonomous driving, that we will resume as R+AI or digitalization) and employment, in order to be able to apply these new technologies with the best possible effects to employment. We start with an intense literature revision for understanding how the main authors explain the effects of digitalization on the displacement, or not of tasks and on the creation of new jobs. From the understanding from the literature review, start our contribution defining the variables with more influence in the relation between digitalization, competitiveness and employment, (some variables come directly from the literature and other from our knowledge and experience, but no one is opposed to our conclusions from the literature review). Our next step is to use System Dynamic as methodology to build the CLDs- Causal Loop Diagrams- and the SFD-Stock and Flow Diagrams- and we finish applying the SFDs to companies and institutions to prove that us much the variables as the diagrams are a trusted representation of the real situations and can be used for making digitalization strategies improving the effects on competitiveness and employment. Our conclusion is that it is possible to apply the digitalization creating more employment than the one displaced, if the correct decisions are taken, following our models. Keywords: employment, technology, robotics, artificial intelligence, displacement of tasks, new tasks, System Dynamics