Technology‐Driven Approaches to Enhance Disaster Response and Recovery

摘要

The increasing frequency and intensity of natural and man-made disasters create significant challenges for disaster response and recovery efforts. In recent years, technology has emerged as a vital tool to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes. This chapter describes various technology-driven approaches that have been utilized to supplement disaster response and recovery strategies. The chapter begins by examining the role of geospatial technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and satellite imagery in disaster management. These technologies enable rapid data collection, visualization, and analysis, aiding early warning systems, situational awareness, and resource allocation during response operations. Furthermore, this chapter describes the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones in disaster scenarios. UAVs facilitate the collection of real-time aerial data, including damage assessment, search and rescue operations, and delivery of critical supplies to inaccessible areas. Additionally, emerging technologies, such as autonomous robots and artificial intelligence (AI), have been explored for their potential in disaster response and recovery, including tasks such as debris removal, infrastructure inspection, and decision support systems. Moreover, this chapter discusses the role of communication technologies, including social media platforms, mobile applications, and Internet-based platforms, in enhancing coordination and information dissemination among responders, affected communities, and volunteers. These technologies enable real-time reporting, crowd-sourced data collection, and efficient resource mobilization. Finally, this chapter highlights the importance of data analytics and predictive modeling in disaster management. By leveraging big data analytics, machine learning, and predictive algorithms, decision makers can gain insights into disaster patterns, assess vulnerabilities, and proactively plan response and recovery strategies. Ultimately, harnessing the power of technology can contribute to more efficient, resilient, and sustainable disaster management practices, thereby minimizing human suffering and fostering effective recovery in the face of adversity.