Sandra P. Marshall
Papers
3
Total Citations
68
H-Index
3
About
Sandra P. Marshall is a leading researcher in surgical simulation and robotic training, with a focus on understanding how surgeons develop expertise. Her work lies at the intersection of technical skill assessment, cognitive workload, and human factors in robotic surgery. In her most cited study (2019, 36 citations), she pioneered the use of objective robotic automated performance metrics combined with task-evoked pupillary response to distinguish surgeon expertise—a novel approach that offers real-time insight into cognitive load during complex procedures. Marshall’s 2021 study comparing virtual reality and dry laboratory models (22 citations) demonstrated that skill assessment is transferable across training platforms, providing critical evidence for flexible, cost-effective surgical education. Her subsequent work (2021, 10 citations) directly examined the relationship between technical skills, cognitive workload, and errors during simulated robotic dissection, revealing how mental strain impacts performance quality. By integrating biometric measures with automated metrics, Marshall has advanced the science of objective skill evaluation, helping to shape evidence-based training protocols that improve patient safety and surgical outcomes.
Research Focus
Key Achievements
Top Papers
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