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About

Caroline Lloyd is a prominent researcher whose work sits at the intersection of labour economics, digital transformation, and comparative employment studies. Her scholarship focuses on the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence on work, jobs, and skills — particularly for lower-skilled workers who are frequently overlooked in mainstream technology debates. Lloyd's most influential contribution, "Rethinking country effects: robotics, AI and work futures in Norway and the UK" (2019, 118 citations), challenges dominant narratives about job displacement by demonstrating that national institutional contexts fundamentally shape how automation unfolds across economies. This comparative framework has become a touchstone for researchers examining digitalisation beyond aggregate economic modelling. Building on this foundation, Lloyd has produced rigorous empirical workplace studies in sectors including food and drink processing and public sector services, illuminating how so-called "routine" jobs are actually transformed rather than simply eliminated by automation. Her 2022 work on digital skills further highlights the concrete competencies workers need when collaborating with robotic systems. With nearly 200 cumulative citations across her key publications, Lloyd's research offers essential nuance to policy debates, advocating for evidence-grounded approaches that centre worker experience in the unfolding digital economy.