Agnieszka Szpak

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About

Dr. Agnieszka Szpak is a leading scholar in international law and security, whose research critically examines the intersection of emerging military technologies and legal frameworks. Her work primarily focuses on the legality of autonomous weapons systems, the evolution of warfare, and the challenges these pose to established humanitarian norms. Her most-cited paper, “Legality of Use and Challenges of New Technologies in Warfare – the Use of Autonomous Weapons in Contemporary or Future Wars” (2019, 31 citations), offers a pioneering analysis of how machines like Predator and Reaper drones are reshaping battlefields, distancing human judgment from lethal decisions. This contribution has been instrumental in framing debates on accountability and the ethical limits of autonomous warfare. Beyond this, Szpak’s broader research addresses state responsibility, human rights protections in conflict, and the adaptation of international law to technological disruption. Her work is widely referenced by legal scholars and policymakers, reflecting its impact on both academic discourse and real-world policy considerations. Through her rigorous analysis, Szpak continues to illuminate the urgent need for legal evolution in an era of rapid military innovation.