A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Exact Relaxation of Energy Storage Power Dispatch

Abstract

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) precludes simultaneous charging and discharging in power dispatch of energy storage system (ESS), but is computationally intensive. Relaxation of this complementarity constraint improves computational efficiency, but may incur an impractical control SCD strategy. To bridge this gap, this letter proposes a necessary and sufficient condition for the exactness of such relaxation. We explicitly derive the relaxation gap and reveal that SCD does not necessarily imply a distinguished optimal value from the MIP model. In such cases, a feasible solution without SCD can be readily recovered without compromising the optimal value. Furthermore, a two-stage relaxation-and-recovery algorithm is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of ESS power dispatch optimization.