An Augmented Load-Frequency Control Block Diagram for Power Systems

Abstract

The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources has led to a significant reduction in system inertia, resulting in faster and more pronounced frequency deviations in modern low-inertia power systems. In such environments, the dynamic behavior of electrical loads becomes increasingly important in shaping overall system frequency response. This paper presents an enhanced load model that incorporates load-side dynamics in addition to conventional static behavior, thereby augmenting the representation of load-frequency control (LFC) models. This improved formulation increases the accuracy of frequency response studies in power systems. A comparison between the proposed augmented model and the conventional LFC representation demonstrates that relying solely on static load modeling can lead to inaccurate results and potentially misleading conclusions. Therefore, accurate modeling of load-side dynamics is essential for reliable frequency stability assessment in modern power systems.