Future of robot-assisted surgery in gynecology: technological innovation, challenges, and interdisciplinary integration

Abstract

Robotic surgery is transforming gynecologic care through continuous technological innovation. Its key advantages include three-dimensional visualization, enhanced dexterity, and improved precision. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) enables tailored treatment strategies. Robotic platforms have evolved from multi-port systems to minimally invasive single-port designs, expanding indications and improving patient outcomes. Gynecologic applications, particularly those using the vaginal natural orifice (e.g., vNOTES), have broadened owing to the anatomical benefits of this approach. However, challenges such as high costs, limited insurance coverage, and a steep learning curve hinder its widespread adoption. Addressing these barriers requires domestic technological advancement, standardized training, and policy support. Interdisciplinary integration is another major frontier with 5G-based telesurgery, AI-assisted decision-making, and multidisciplinary collaboration enhancing surgical planning and execution. Continued innovation is essential to reduce costs, extend access, and achieve the goals of precision, minimal invasiveness, and equitable care—ultimately providing safer, more efficient gynecologic surgery for diverse populations.