Use of robotic animal companions in dementia care : a qualitative study of the immediate and long-term effects to enhance quality of life and feelings of wellbeing for individuals living with dementia

Abstract

For the person living with dementia the moments to experience true affection may not occur very frequently. Deterioration of cognitive and physical abilities may eventually force people to live in an unfamiliar environment, like a residential age care facility. The inevitable absence of (deceased) relatives and friends can dramatically undermine the opportunities to touch and be touched resulting in touch deprivation and fewer opportunities for emotional attachment. The affective presence of pets can encourage social touch, bring emotional and social connection, stimulate reminiscence and promote feelings of well-being for the person living with dementia. Due to practical constraints as well as physical decline, elderly often (need to) abandon the wish to take care of an animal. It has been suggested that animal-like robot companions could provide an elegant solution to enhance person-centered care, notably without replacing human contact. In this qualitative study, we endeavor to explore the potential psychosocial health benefits offered by robotic animal companions. We report on insights obtained from two qualitative studies, deploying two different robotic animals in contrasting environments, timespans and circumstances. In the first study, we investigate responses of people with dementia towards a living dog versus a robotic companion in a care home setting. The second study, a longitudinal case study, investigates the psychosocial effects of a single individual with Alzheimer's disease bonding with a robotic pet. Our results suggest that the use of animal like robotic companions can be beneficial, and can significantly enrich the social and emotional life of people living with dementia.