Revolutionizing dentistry: the integration of artificial intelligence and robotics

Abstract

Technology is rapidly transforming traditional practices in modern healthcare. One area that stands out is the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics, revolutionizing dentistry. This powerful combination enhances precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes in oral health care while reducing potential errors. AI, with its ability to analyze large amounts of data and identify intricate patterns, has found a place in dentistry. Its applications range from diagnostic tools and treatment planning to personalized medicine and patient management.1 By utilizing advanced imaging techniques, AI assists in the early detection of oral diseases,2 enabling proactive intervention and improving prognosis. The integration of AI into orthodontics and endodontics has radically transformed the field of dental care. In orthodontics, AI and Machine Learning systems support orthodontists in making informed decisions, particularly regarding tooth extraction. AI-driven custom orthodontic treatments minimize subjectivity and improve decision-making processes by utilizing neural networks to predict the extraction outcomes. AI is used throughout orthodontic procedures, from diagnosis to personalized treatment planning, utilizing 3D scans and virtual models to assess abnormalities, produce aligners, and optimize tooth removal strategies.3 Similarly, in endodontics, AI enhances root canal therapy by enabling precise anatomical analysis, lesion detection, fracture identification, stem cell viability prediction, and assessment of treatment efficacy.4 The contributions of AI in both orthodontics and endodontics have resulted in increased efficiency, accuracy, and improved patient outcomes, showcasing significant advancements in dental healthcare. AI also plays a critical role in posttreatment patient monitoring, ensuring timely intervention, and improving recovery. Through continuous data analysis and feedback, AI facilitates long-term oral health management, empowering patients and practitioners with proactive insights into sustained well-being. By integrating AI, dental experience is enhanced by combining cutting-edge technology with personalized care that redefines standards in dental health and treatment protocols. Furthermore, AI algorithms streamline administrative processes, optimize scheduling, and enhance patient experience, thereby improving the overall operational efficiency.5 The capabilities of robotics in dentistry have complemented those of AI, unlocking new frontiers in precision and minimally invasive procedures.6 Robotics provide unparalleled dexterity and control during surgery, resulting in superior outcomes and quicker recovery times for patients. These technological marvels not only enhance the skill set of dental professionals, but also expand access to care in remote or underserved areas. Advancements in technology and computer science have pushed the integration of robotics into navigational surgery in various medical fields. This progress is now being extended to dentistry, where innovative technologies are revolutionizing traditional dental procedures. Robotics-assisted dentistry, employing nanomaterials, nanorobots, and advanced diagnostic tools, is evolving to address the complex procedures necessary for oral healthcare maintenance and lesion removal. These advanced systems are reshaping conventional practices in dentistry, particularly implant therapy, challenging existing paradigms, and expanding the capabilities of practitioners.7One notable development in robot-assisted dentistry is the creation of micro robots (MR), designed to enhance the precision and efficiency of endodontic treatments, specifically root canal therapy. These advanced robots autonomously perform tasks such as drilling, cleaning, shaping, and filling the root canal system under the supervision of cutting-edge computer-assisted technologies. By integrating various components, such as micro position controllers, sensors, and automated tools,