Research on Optimizing Early-Onset Scoliosis Correction Strategies Using Robotic Navigation Technology

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy of robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement with conventional freehand techniques in the surgical management of early-onset scoliosis (EOS), aiming to assess the clinical benefits of robotic assistance in screw placement. METHODS: A retrospective controlled design was used, analyzing data from 47 patients with EOS who underwent surgery between January 2021 and December 2023. Key parameters, including screw placement accuracy, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and surgical strategy optimization, were examined. RESULTS: The robotic-assisted group demonstrated significantly higher screw placement accuracy (97.2% vs. 79.4%, P < 0.05) and lower postoperative complication rates. Despite a longer surgical duration in the robotic-assisted group (166.32 ± 24.87 minutes vs. 149.50 ± 13.72 minutes, P < 0.05), no significant difference was observed in intraoperative blood loss (142.86 ± 46.67 mL vs. 136.88 ± 31.64 mL, P > 0.05). Radiographic evaluations of Cobb angle and height correction showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Regarding surgical protocol optimization, the robotic-assisted group achieved superior screw placement accuracy, reducing the need for extension of vertebral levels due to screw insertion difficulties and minimizing the use of laminar hooks. In particular, the robotic system markedly improved the safety of the in-out-in screw technique in cases involving pedicle developmental anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement significantly enhances surgical precision and safety in patients with EOS, presenting a promising approach for spinal deformity correction. This technology facilitates the advancement and clinical adoption of robotics in complex spinal surgeries.