Simulator Fidelity Does Not Affect Training for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

Abstract

This study was undertaken to compare performance using a surgical robot after training with one of three simulators of varying fidelity. Methods: Eight novice operators and eight expert surgeons were randomly assigned to one of three simulators. Each participant performed two exercises using a simulator and then using a surgical robot. The primary outcome of this study is performance assessed by time and GEARS score. Results: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three simulators. Time to perform the suturing exercise (novices vs. experts) was significantly different for all 3 simulators. Using the da Vinci robot, peg transfer showed no significant difference between novices and experts and all participants combined (mean time novice 2.00, expert 2.21, p = 0.920). The suture exercise had significant differences in each group and all participants combined (novice 3.54, expert 1.90, p = 0.001). ANOVA showed p-Values for suturing (novice 0.523, expert 0.123) and peg transfer (novice 0.742, expert 0.131) are not significantly different. GEARS scores were different (p < 0.05) for novices and experts. Conclusion: Training with simulators of varying fidelity result in similar performance using the da Vinci robot. A dry box simulator may be as effective as a virtual reality simulator for training. Further studies are needed to validate these results.