Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms of the urologic cancers, which represents 2–3% of all cancers. 5-year survival rate of RCC is near 90% in stage I, and 70% in stage II [1]. The incidence of RCCs has been increased over the past several decades due to the common use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). Majority of these tumors are at lower clinical stage upon diagnosis, which may allow preservation of renal function without compromising oncological outcome. According to the 2015 Guidelines of European Association of Urology, other than angiomyolipoma (AML), most of the renal tumors cannot be differentiated from RCC by radiology assessment, should be treated as RCC [2–4].