How to get rid of ticks – a mini-review on tick control strategies in parks, gardens, and other human-related environments

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the geographical range of many tick species has expanded significantly, increasing the threat of emerging tick-borne diseases. Th aim of this review is to assess the current state of tick control in the environment, highlighting the limitations of existing methods and the need to develop new approaches. REVIEW METHODS: The literature was systematically reviewed using such databases as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate. Key word searches focused on tick control and prevention of tick-borne diseases in environments. Evaluation criteria included efficacy and feasibility of various tick control measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Biological control of ticks in the environment relies on entomopathogenic fungi, particularlythe Metarhizium species, delivered as granules. Synthetic acaricides, including pyrethroids and organophosphates, are widely used, with liquid formulations proving more effective than granules. Innovative approaches, such as the TickBot robot and devices targeting reservoir hosts such as deer, show promise. Future directions include the development of vaccines targeting tick antigens, and translational biotechnological strategies for tick population control. SUMMARY: The prevention of tick-borne diseases involves various control methods, such as the use of acaricides, fungi, pheromones and innovative approaches, such as bait tubes and boxes. Each method has its own set of pros and cons, emphasizing the need for an integrated and strategic approach. While innovative methods, including vaccines and molecular approaches, show promise, further research and testing in natural environments are necessary to confirm their effectiveness. Achieving long-lasting and comprehensive tick control remains a challenging task in promoting public health.