Firefly® System and Organ Transillumination in Robotic Gynecologic Surgery

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) of the Firefly® system has become a useful and widespread technique for the visualization and detection of tumors, sentinel lymphnodes, and vascular/anatomical structures. METHODS: Between February 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019, a total of 25 patients affected by benign and malignant pathologies underwent robotic surgery by the use of organ transillumination with the concomitant Firefly®. We analyzed the pre-operative patients' characteristics (age and body mass index [BMI], previous abdominal surgeries and systemic disease); pre-operative diagnosis, surgical procedure and approach (multiport or single site), transilluminated organ, surgical outcomes (operating time, incidence of intraoperative complications, and incidence of conversion to other surgery); and postoperative outcome. The surgical procedures included: four bladder endometriosis nodules resections, one pelvic lymphadenectomy with ureterolysis, and 23 hysterectomies. RESULTS: The average operating time was 283.3 (+/- 76.9) minutes, there were no intra-operative complications or laparotomic conversions. The average recovery days were 5.9. There have been three grade 2 post-surgical complications, following the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Surgical Secondary Events System classification. The combination of NIRF and transillumination allows a clear view of the anatomical landmarks and the resection margins. CONCLUSIONS: It's likely that improvement in the anatomical detail could confer a greater surgical safety with lower percentage of intra and post-surgical complications and sparing of safe tissue. To evaluate the validity of these techniques in a larger number of patients and compare these new surgical procedures with standard ones, further studies are needed.