Predictors of Medical and Surgical Complications After Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: An Analysis of 1139 Patients in a Multi-Institutional Kidney Cancer Database

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Previous robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) studies have identified various predictors of overall and major postoperative complications, but few have evaluated the specific role of these factors in the development of medical and surgical complications. In this study, we present an analysis of the modifiable and nonmodifiable variables influencing medical and surgical complications in a contemporary series of patients who underwent RAPN and were followed in a prospectively maintained, multi-institutional kidney cancer database. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent RAPN at four institutions between 2008 and 2015 was performed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of medical and surgical postoperative complications. RESULTS: Data from 1139 patients were available for analysis. Sixty-seven patients (5.8%) experienced a medical postoperative complication, and 82 (7.1%) experienced a surgical complication. Decreasing baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, p = 0.003), greater estimated blood loss (EBL) (OR = 1.002, p = 0.001), and operating surgeon (OR = 8.01, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of surgical complications, while decreasing baseline eGFR (OR = 0.99, p = 0.054) and operating surgeon (OR = 1.96, p = 0.054) were associated with an increased likelihood of medical complications. CONCLUSION: We present complication risks in a large contemporary cohort of patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) with only 11.3% of patients experiencing a medical or surgical postoperative complication. Prospective candidates for robotic PN with poor baseline renal function and/or risk factors for greater EBL, including a high body mass index, or a complex renal mass should be counseled appropriately on their increased risk for a medical or surgical postoperative complication.