Container loading problem based on robotic loader system: An optimization approach

Abstract

With the development of intelligent logistics technology, some companies began to use robots instead of humans to load cargo. This paper studies a novel container loading problem based on robotic loader system (CLP-RLS). Different from the existing robot-packable pattern in the literature, the robotic loader system in this paper consists of a depalletizing robot, an automatic telescopic roller line and a loading robot, in which the loading robot will enter the carriage along with the automatic telescopic roller line. In CLP-RLS, it is necessary to consider not only many practical constraints already in the literature, including load balancing, orientation, stability, and multi-drop but also two new constraints related to robotic loader system: pallet continuity constraint (the loading sequence of cargo on the same pallet is continuous) and robot position constraint (the robot can only load cargo incrementally from the front to the back of the truck). Due to the difficulty in modeling CLP-RLS and the large scale of the real-case instances, we present a tree search approach based on wall-building to solve CLP-RLS, intending to find a feasible loading scheme for the RLS to minimize the length required to load all cargo. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through both real-case instances and numerical instances.