Robot‐assisted laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched comparative analysis of surgical outcomes

Abstract

Objectives To compare surgical outcomes between robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods Of 550 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy between 2012 and 2015, 163 patients with T1–2 renal tumors who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or open partial nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. To minimize selection bias between the two surgical methods, patient variables were adjusted by 1:1 propensity score matching. Results The present study included 75 patients undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and 88 undergoing open partial nephrectomy . After propensity score matching, 40 patients were included in each operative group. The mean preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was 49 mL /min/1.73 m 2 . The mean ischemia time was 21 min in robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (warm ischemia) and 35 min in open partial nephrectomy (cold ischemia). Preservation of the estimated glomerular filtration rate 3–6 months postoperatively was not significantly different between robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy (92% vs 91%, P = 0.9348). Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group than in the open partial nephrectomy group (104 vs 185 mL , P = 0.0025). The postoperative length of hospital stay was shorter in the robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group than in the open partial nephrectomy group ( P < 0.0001). The prevalence of Clavien–Dindo grade 3 complications and a negative surgical margin status were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions In our experience, robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy provide similar outcomes in terms of functional preservation and perioperative complications among patients with chronic kidney disease . However, a lower estimated blood loss and shorter postoperative length of hospital stay can be obtained with robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy .