Using the "negative attitude toward robots scale" with telepresence robots

Abstract

Nomura et al. designed and piloted the Negative Attitude toward Robots Scale (NARS) in 2003 [18]. NARS has been used by researchers to understand the attitudes of different people towards robots under different circumstances. To our knowledge, NARS has only been used with robots perceived to be autonomous. Our goal was to evaluate if NARS could be extended to robots that were known to have a human in the loop. Towards this end, we verified the validity of the scale with telepresence robots using an online video survey. We found differences across different cultures and gender much like other researcher in the past. Once the consistency of the scale was verified, we used NARS in our second study that involved the use of telepresence robots.