Scene-Agnostic Object-Centric Representation Learning for 3D Gaussian Splatting

Abstract

Recent works on 3D scene understanding leverage 2D masks from visual foundation models (VFMs) to supervise radiance fields, enabling instance-level 3D segmentation. However, the supervision signals from foundation models are not fundamentally object-centric and often require additional mask pre/post-processing or specialized training and loss design to resolve mask identity conflicts across views. The learned identity of the 3D scene is scene-dependent, limiting generalizability across scenes. Therefore, we propose a dataset-level, object-centric supervision scheme to learn object representations in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). Building on a pre-trained slot attention-based Global Object Centric Learning (GOCL) module, we learn a scene-agnostic object codebook that provides consistent, identity-anchored representations across views and scenes. By coupling the codebook with the module's unsupervised object masks, we can directly supervise the identity features of 3D Gaussians without additional mask pre-/post-processing or explicit multi-view alignment. The learned scene-agnostic codebook enables object supervision and identification without per-scene fine-tuning or retraining. Our method thus introduces unsupervised object-centric learning (OCL) into 3DGS, yielding more structured representations and better generalization for downstream tasks such as robotic interaction, scene understanding, and cross-scene generalization.