Joint Estimation of Dynamic O-D Demand and Choice Models for Dynamic Multi-modal Networks: Computational Graph-Based Learning and Hypothesis Tests

Abstract

Understanding travel demand and behavior, particularly route and mode choices, is critical for effective transportation planning and policy design in multi-modal systems with emerging mobility options. Multi-modal system-level data, such as traffic counts, probe speeds, and transit ridership, offer scalable, cost-effective, and privacy-preserving advantages for inferring and analyzing travel behavior. This research uses such system-level data to infer travel demand and choices that vary by time of day, origin/destination location, and mode. Existing studies focus on a single transportation mode, consider limited behavioral factors in disutility functions, rely on static travel time functions, and face computational challenges when applied to large-scale networks. This research addresses these gaps by proposing a joint estimation framework for dynamic origin-destination demand and disutility functions within a multi-modal transportation system that includes both private driving and public transit, using multi-source system-level data. A multi-modal dynamic traffic assignment model that accounts for both route and mode choices is integrated into the framework, with detailed travel time modeling for multiple modes. Alternative-specific and zone-specific factors are incorporated into generic disutility functions to capture heterogeneous traveler perceptions. The estimation problem is formulated and solved using a computational graph-based approach, enabling dynamic network modeling and scalable inference across large-scale networks and diverse data sets. Furthermore, we propose a hypothesis testing framework tailored to this complex estimation setting to assess the statistical significance of behavioral parameters, thereby enabling model selection and statistically rigorous insights for real-world applications.